Imirasire y'izuba ni ikoranabuhanga rikomeye ku bihugu byinshi bishaka kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere, kandi ubushobozi bw’isi bwashyizweho kugira ngo bwiyongere mu myaka iri imbere.
amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba ariyongera cyane ku isi mu gihe ibihugu byongera ingufu z’ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu no kugerageza kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere bituruka ku mashanyarazi.
Hamwe n umuyaga, izuba ryamafoto yizuba (PV) nicyo cyashyizweho cyane muburyo bwa tekinoroji ya karubone nkeya, kandi uko ikura mubipimo, ibiciro byiterambere biragenda bigabanuka.
Ubushobozi bwuzuye bwashyizweho mumpera za 2019 bwageze kuri gigawatt 627 (GW) kwisi yose.
Nk’uko ikigo mpuzamahanga gishinzwe ingufu (IEA) kibitangaza ngo izuba riri mu nzira zo gushyiraho amateka y’ibikorwa bishya byoherezwa ku isi buri mwaka nyuma ya 2022, aho impuzandengo ya GW 125 y’ubushobozi bushya iteganijwe ku isi hagati ya 2021 na 2025.
Imirasire y'izuba PV yiyongereyeho 22% muri 2019, kandi ihagarariye iterambere rya kabiri rinini cyane ry’iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga ryose rishobora kuvugururwa, inyuma y’umuyaga ndetse no imbere y’amashanyarazi, nk'uko iki kigo kibitangaza.
Muri 2020, abagera kuri 107 GW bongerewe ingufu z'izuba bazanywe kuri interineti ku isi yose, hakaba hateganijwe izindi GW 117 muri 2021.
Ubushinwa ni isoko rinini ku isi rikoresha ingufu z'izuba, kandi mu gihe iki gihugu gitegura gahunda yo guhagarika imyuka ihumanya ikirere mbere ya 2060, ibikorwa birashoboka ko byihuta cyane mu myaka icumi iri imbere.
Ariko uturere hirya no hino kwisi turimo kongera ingufu z'amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba, kandi hano turagaragaza ibihugu bitanu byambere mubijyanye n'ubushobozi bwashyizweho guhera muri 2019.
Ibihugu bitanu byambere bifite ingufu z'izuba muri 2019
1. Ubushinwa - 205 GW
Raporo ya Renewables 2020 ivuga ko Ubushinwa bufite ubwinshi bw’amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba yashyizwe ku isi, bupima 205 GW muri 2019.
Muri uwo mwaka, amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba yose hamwe yari amasaha 223.8 terawatt (TWh) mu gihugu.
N’ubwo ari byoherezwa ku isi ku isi, ubwinshi bw’ubukungu bw’Ubushinwa bivuze ko ari ingufu nyinshi zishobora kwakira amakara manini ku isi ndetse n’amato ashobora kuvugururwa.
Inkunga ya leta yatumye ibikorwa muri urwo rwego mu mpera z'imyaka ya za 2010, nubwo inkunga ku mishinga y'ubucuruzi yagiye ikurwaho hagamijwe kwerekana icyamunara.
Umushinga munini w'izuba umwe mu Bushinwa ni Huanghe Hydropower Hainan Solar Park (2.2 GW) mu ntara ya Qinghai.
2. Amerika - 76 GW
Amerika yari ifite ingufu za kabiri mu zuba zashyizwe ku isi mu mwaka wa 2019, zose hamwe zikaba 76 GW kandi zitanga amashanyarazi 93.1.
Mu myaka icumi iri imbere, amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba muri Amerika ateganijwe kugera kuri GW 419 mu gihe iki gihugu cyihutisha ingufu z’ingufu zisukuye kandi kigerageza kwangiza burundu ingufu z’amashanyarazi mu 2035.
Imishinga minini yingirakamaro yiganjemo inganda zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba muri Amerika, hamwe na Californiya, Texas, Florida na Virginia muri leta zikora cyane ku isoko ryimbere mu gihugu.
Impamvu nyamukuru yiterambere muri Amerika ni amabwiriza ashobora kuvugururwa (RPS) ategeka abadandaza ingufu gutanga ijanisha ryamashanyarazi akomoka kumasoko ashobora kuvugururwa.Kugabanuka kw'amafaranga yo koherezwa hamwe n'inguzanyo zijyanye n’imisoro nabyo byatumye iterambere ryiyongera mu myaka yashize.
3. Ubuyapani - 63.2 GW
Ubuyapani buza ku mwanya wa gatatu mu bihugu bifite ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba nini, aho amato agera kuri 63.2 GW muri 2019, nk'uko imibare ya IEA ibigaragaza, itanga amashanyarazi 74.1 TWh.
Ubundi buryo butanga ingufu nkizuba n’ibindi bishobora kuvugururwa byamenyekanye cyane kuva ibiza bya kirimbuzi bya Fukushima mu 2011, byatumye iki gihugu gisubiza inyuma ibikorwa byacyo mu bijyanye n’ingufu za kirimbuzi.
Ubuyapani bwakoresheje gahunda yo kugaburira ibiciro (FiT) mu rwego rwo gushishikariza ikoreshwa ry’ikoranabuhanga ry’izuba kugira ngo bigire ingaruka nziza, nyamara isoko ry’izuba PV biteganijwe ko rizagenda gahoro gahoro mu myaka iri imbere.
Biteganijwe ko Ubuyapani PV bwiyongera guhera mu 2022, bitewe ahanini n’icyiciro cya gahunda ya FiT itanga imishinga minini ndetse n’ubushobozi butemewe mu cyamunara cyabanjirije iki, nk'uko IEA ibivuga.
Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, ingufu z'izuba zashyizweho mu Buyapani zishobora kwegera 100 GW muri 2025 bitewe na politiki ya leta no kugabanuka kw'ibiciro.
4. Ubudage - 49.2 GW
Ubudage nicyo gihugu kiza ku isonga mu Burayi kohereza izuba, hamwe n’amato y’igihugu yose hamwe agera kuri 49.2 GW muri 2019, atanga amashanyarazi angana na 47.5 TWh.
Cyamunara irushanwe yazamuye inganda mu myaka yashize, kandi guverinoma y’Ubudage iherutse gusaba ko intego yo kwishyiriraho izuba 2030 igera kuri 100 GW kuko iteganya umugabane wa 65% by’ibishobora kuvugururwa mu kuvanga ingufu mu mpera z’imyaka icumi.
Ibigo bito, ibyigenga byigenga birasanzwe mubudage, batewe inkunga nuburyo leta ifasha nko guhemba ibisekuruza birenze, mugihe imishinga minini iteganijwe kwiyongera mumyaka iri imbere.
Umushinga munini w'izuba muri iki gihugu kugeza ubu ni ikigo cya megawatt 187 (MW) Weesow-Willmersdorf mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba bwa Berlin, kikaba cyarakozwe na German EnBW.
5. Ubuhinde - 38 GW
Ubuhinde bufite ingufu za gatanu ku isi zifite ingufu zituruka ku mirasire y'izuba, zose hamwe zikaba 38 GW muri 2019, kandi zitanga amashanyarazi 54 TWh.
Biteganijwe ko ingufu z’ingufu mu Buhinde ziyongera cyane kurusha utundi turere twose mu myaka iri imbere kandi, nk’umwanya wa gatatu mu bihugu byohereza imyuka ya karuboni ku isi, hashyirwaho politiki yo guhindura igihugu ibicanwa by’ibicanwa nk’amakara hagamijwe kongera ingufu.
Intego za leta zirimo 450 GW y’ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu mu 2030, kandi biteganijwe ko izuba rizaba ishingiro ry’iki cyifuzo.
Kugeza mu 2040, IEA iteganya ko izuba rifite hafi 31% by’ingufu z’Ubuhinde bivangwa n’ingamba zavuzwe muri iki gihe, ugereranije na 4% muri iki gihe.
Ikigo kivuga ko "ubushobozi budasanzwe bwo guhangana n’izuba" mu Buhinde ari imbaraga zitera iyi mpinduka, "irwanya ingufu zisanzwe zikoreshwa n’amakara bitarenze 2030 kabone niyo zahuzwa n’ububiko bwa batiri".
Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, inzitizi zo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi hamwe n’ibibazo byo gushaka ubutaka bizakenera gukemurwa kugira ngo iterambere ry’iterambere ry’isoko ry’izuba ry’Ubuhinde mu myaka iri imbere.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Jun-07-2022